But did you know that just as in other ancient buildings, Borobudur did not escape themystery about how to make it? This mystery is a lot of speculative opinions that gave birth to controversy. With a few notes and references are limited, let's try to analyzeand uncover the veil of mystery making less this temple which turned out not to be amystery!
Temple Design
Borobudur has the basic structure punden terraces, with a six-yard square, threeround circular courtyard and a main stupa as a peak. Also scattered in allpelatarannya several stupas.
Borobudur temple established in the top of a hill or a row of small hills that extends to the west-southwest and east-southeast with ± 123 m in length, width and height of ±123 m ± 34.5 m measured from the surrounding flat land surface with a peak flat hill.
Borobudur Temple also looks quite complex views of the parts that were built.Consisting of 10 levels where the rate of 1-6 square-shaped and the rest of the round.The wall reliefs of the temple filled with the image as much as 1460 bar. There are504 statues that complement the temple.
Drafting Materials Temple
Soil core that serves as a land base or foundation soil Borobudur Temple is dividedinto 2, namely soil and natural soil-forming urug hill. Urug land is land that are made available for development purposes Borobudur, adapted to the shape of the buildingof the temple.
Land urug added above the original soil as filler and shaper morphology temple building. Urug land has been created by the founder of the Borobudur Temple, not aresult of restoration work. Urug soil thickness is not uniform even though located onthe same floor, which is between 0.5 to 8.5 m.
Rock composer Borobudur type andesite with a high porosity, about 32% porinyalevels -46%, and between pore holes with each other are unrelated. Strong lowcompressive strength when compared with similar rocks.
From the research Sampurno (1969), obtained a minimum compressive strength of111 kg/cm2 and the maximum compressive strength of 281 kg/cm2. Heavy volume ofrock between 1.6 to 2 t/m3.
Mystery of How to Build Temple
Data on this temple in terms of design, history and philosophy of building so manyavailable. Many historians and ancient buildings to write about the features of this temple.
Data search results in both the book and the Internet, none of which reveal little about the mystery of how the construction of the temple. The only information is written onthe figure of Edward Leedskalnin a strange and mysterious.
He said "I have discovered the secrets of the pyramids and how the ancientEgyptians, Peru, Yucatan and Asia (Borobudur temple) lift stones weighing many tonsonly with primitive equipment."
Edward is the man who built Coral Castle fame. Some people then expect him how to work to unravel the mystery about her knowledge of how the ancient buildings were built.
Here's the opinion of some people and experts on how to build Coral Castle Edward
Some say that he might have discovered the secret of the ancient architects whobuild monuments like the pyramids and Stonehenge.
Some say maybe Edwards used some kind of anti-gravity equipment to build CoralCastle.
David Hatcher Childress, author of Anty Gravity and The World Grid, has aninteresting theory. According to the South Florida area that became the location ofCoral Castle has a strong diamagnetik that could make a floating object. Moreover,the south Florida area still considered part of the Bermuda triangle.
David believes that Edward Leedskalnin using nets diamagnetik principles whichenable him earth held up a large stone by using the center of mass. David also refers to the book notes Edward found that indeed show the existence of schemes of magnetic and electrical experiments in it. Although the statement of David smellyscience, but the esoteric principles are still clearly visible in it.
Another writer named Ray Stoner also supports this theory. He even believes thatEdward moved to Coral Castle Homestead because he is aware of the mathematicalcalculation errors in determining the location of Coral Castle. So he moved to the area you have the advantage in terms of magnetic strength.
Finally managed to get photos taken at the time of Edward's work on Coral Castleshowed that he used the same approach used by modern workers, that is using the principle called the block and tackle.
Coral Castle Bede also vary Borobudur Temple. Coral Castle still would allow using the Block and Tackle. For taste Borobudur block and tackle is still not there.
So how exactly how to make this temple? The mystery is not revealed on the basis ofthe above information. Let's think again regardless of mystery by trying to analyzeexisting data.
Aspects to consider before estimating how the temple was built
1. Building formThe temple is square-shaped tread ± 123 m in length, width and height of ± 123 m ± 42 m. Area 15 129 m2.
2. The volume of primary materialThe main material of this temple is high berporositas andesites gravity of 1.6 to 2.0 t/m3. An estimated 55,000 m3 of stone formers temple or about 2 million, ranging from rock to rock size 25 x 10 x 15 cm. Weight per piece of stone about 7.5 - 10 kg.
3. Construction of buildingsBorobudur Temple is a pile of stones placed on the mound as the core, so not a massive pile of rocks. Soil core was also deliberately made with staircase-steps and the top trim to put the rock temple.
4. Each stone connected without the use of cement or adhesiveThese stones are only connected by patterns and stacked.
5. All the stones are taken from the river in the vicinity of Borobudur temple.
6. Borobudur Temple is a building complexConsisting of 10 levels where the rate of 1-6 square-shaped and the rest of the round.The wall reliefs of the temple filled with the image as much as 1460 bar. There are 505 statues that complement the temple.
7. Technology availableAt that time there has been no material removal technology heavy lift and adequate.Estimated using a simple mechanical method.
8. Estimated period of implementationNo information is accurate. But some sources say that Borobudur temple was built from 824 AD - 847 AD There are other references which mention that the temple was built from 750 M to 842 M or 92 years.
9. Construction of the temple is graduallyInitially built-storey apartment layout. It seems designed as a pyramid with staircase.But then changed. As there is evidence of a dismantled apartment layout.
The second phase, the foundation borobudur widened, plus two square steps and one step directly circle given a huge main stupa.
The third stage, steps on the circle with a large main stupa dismantled and removed and replaced by three railroad circles. Stupas are built on top of these steps with a large stupa in the middle.
The fourth stage, there are small changes, namely the manufacture of relief and making changes to the ladder above the door arch.
One thing that is unique, that this temple was architecturally interesting or structured format in mathematics. Each of any part of legs, body and head of the temple always has a ratio of 4:6:9.
Placement-placement stupanya also has significance, not to mention the existence of the relief that is expected berkatian with astronomy makes Borobudur is an interesting historical evidence to be observed.
The number of stupas at the Arupadhatu (stupa at the top do not count) are: 32, 24, 26 which has a comparative basis, ie 4:3:2, and everything is divisible by 8.
Height of the stupa at the three levels are 1.9 m, 1.8 m, each distinct 10 cm. So is the diameter of these stupas, has the exact same size with a height 1.9 m, 1.8 m, 1.7 m.
Some numbers in Borobudur, when added up the numbers will end up being number 1 again. Suspected that it was made so that could be interpreted: Figure 1 represents the esaan the adhi buddha.
Total levels of Borobudur was 10, the numbers in 10 when added together the result: 1 + 0 = 1. The number of stupas in which there is Arupadhatu statues there: 32 + 24 + 16 + 1 = 73, number 73 when added together the result: 10 and as above 1 + 0 = 10.
The number of the statues at Borobudur total of 505 pieces. When the numbers in it summed, the result is 5 + 0 + 5 = 10 as well as above 1 + 0 = 1.
Looking at the data above, would still be expected, then let's try to give some analysis that hopefully can be commented on as we attempt to uncover the mystery that is as follows:
1. From the data mentioned that the size of the stone temple is about 25 x 10 x 15 cm with a density of rocks is 1.6 to 2 ton/m3, this means the weight per piece of stone is only about a maximum of 7.5 kg (for severe type 2 t/m3 .)
Pieces of stone was very mild. For that hard rock, it does not need any technology.Problems that may arise is sloping terrain that must be adopted.
Sloping field in physics to make the burden seems to be more severe. This is because the decomposition of the force causing no horizontal load parallel to the slope that must be borne.
But by looking at the fact that the weight per piece of stone is only 7.5 kg, it's a problem that beundak sloping terrain the steps do not matter. The conclusion was that the process of transporting a piece of stone can be done easily and does not need any technology.
2. Source material taken from the river stones around the temple. This means that the distance between the quarry and the site is very close. Although the number reached 2 million pieces, but the lightness of each piece of stone material and proximity of transport, this means the transport process can be done easily without the need for a particular technology.
3. The temple was built in the time period long enough. Some say 23 years some are saying 92 years. If the assumption of the fastest 23 years. Let us count the installation of stone about productivity.
If the land preparation and early material is 2 years, then the installation of a stone is 21 years or 7665 days. There are 2 million pieces of stone. Productivity stone installation is 2 million / 7665 = 261 stones per day.
Productivity is likely very small. No need any way to produce small productivity.Moreover, using the data implementation of a longer duration.
4. The duration of the process of making the temple can be due to any design changes made during implementation. This may dikeranakan the turn of the ruler (king) during the development process of the temple.
5. Borobudur seen physically very impressive. Has 10 floors with square and circular shapes. Having reliefs and statues along the walls in large numbers. This temple is so concerned philosophy contained in the size-size. This proves that the temple was built with a concept design that was pretty good.
6. Borobudur Temple is the largest temple. Borobudur temple complex is also seenvisits from architectural design consists of 10 levels where the rate of 1-6 square-shaped and the rest of the round. The wall reliefs of the temple filled with the image as much as 1460 bar. There are 504 statues that complement the temple.
This is clearly not the work of the easy design and implementation. Borobudur templeconclusion of value in terms of both civil engineering design and art of architecturerequires careful planning and management of aspects of design and how its implementation. Can be concluded that the temple was built with project managementis good enough.
From the above conclusions can we draw a general conclusion that the Borobudurtemple is different from other pubakala buildings filled with mystery and mysticism.This temple is more to be explained by simple physics concepts. How to build this temple is not something that is considered much less mystical mystery.
This temple is more valuable and famous rather than the mysteries of the scattered,but this temple has a value of architecture and civil engineering design and projectmanagement capabilities are high which shows the progress of our nation thought of its predecessors. We should be proud!
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